HealthFebruary 11, 2008 12:27 pm
Malaria is an ancient disease which means "bad air." It was so named in the 18th century because it was linked to the foul air of swamps which people thought was responsible for the condition.
Bad air, of course, has nothing to do with malaria but mosquitoes found in swamps and other marshy areas are to blame. The female Anopheles mosquito in particular, carries the spore of the malaria parasite Plasmodium which it transmits from person to person.
The mosquito becomes infected when it draws blood from someone with malarial parasites or bites cattle, monkeys and other animals which have the disease. Other means of transmission are blood transfusions and the common use of syringes among drug addicts.
The parasites multiply in the mosquito and are trans¬ferred to other people. Once in a person’s bloodstream, they invade the liver where they grow and later destroy red blood cells.
Although the body can effectively fight off the infection for years, complications can occur when the damaged red cells clog up the capillaries and affect vital organs. This can lead to anemia, kidney failure, shock, coma and death.
The first symptoms of malaria usually occur from 12 to 30 days after the patient is bitten. These include headache, nausea, fatigue, rapid breathing, heavy sweating, fever and chills.
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